![\"\"](\"https:\/\/kacuv.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cck.png\")
<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row heading_color=”primary-1″ bg_type=”color” padding_top_multiplier=”3x” padding_bottom_multiplier=”3x” bg_color=”#f8f8fb”][vc_column][vc_tta_accordion c_icon=”triangle” active_section=”0″ heading_tag=”h4″ heading=”h5″][vc_tta_section title=”What is cancer? What are the causes and symptoms of cancer?” tab_id=”What is cancer? What are the causes and symptoms of cancer?”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\nCancer is a malignant disease that causes an improvised cell proliferation in the body, destroying the tissue from which it originated and can spread to the regional and distant tissues. As a result of the proliferation of cells in various organs, organ tumors occur.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n As with many other diseases, cancer has various types. For instance, the tumor that occurs in the retina layer of the eye is called retinoblastoma and tumors originating from the liver are called hepatoblastoma and hepatocarcinoma. The type of cancer in which blood cells proliferate is called leukemia (blood cancer).<\/p>\n Cancer is not contagious or a parent-transmitted disease. Although there are rare familial cancers, their number is limited.<\/p>\n Causes<\/b><\/p>\n Although the causes of many types of cancer have not been determined yet, it is known that genetic, environmental and individual factors play a role in the formation of some types of cancer. The main causes are:<\/p>\n Symptoms<\/b><\/p>\n Fever, fatigue, respiratory problems, cough, lumps or areas of swelling that can be felt under the skin, leg pain, headache, vomiting, sudden imbalance while walking, strabismus, hematuria may be symptoms of cancer.<\/p>\n Cancer Prevention<\/b><\/p>\n We should not forget that we have to take precautions to prevent cancer rather than fear of cancer.<\/p>\n Malnutrition\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n Some of the preventable cancers have also been associated with diet. For instance, unbalanced diets, especially excessive consumption of red meat are associated with colon cancer in the elderly. However, for children red meat is a very important food as a source of protein and iron and cannot be excluded from the diet; therefore, in addition to red meat, eating fish and green vegetables should be emphasized. Consuming foods with fibres reduces colon cancer in the elderly. Taking vitamins naturally, from fresh vegetables and fruits instead of vitamin supplements is much better for our bodies. For this reason, it would be correct to focus on natural herbs and fruits as much as possible in our nutriotion habits.<\/p>\n Smoking\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n The most frequent and absolutely preventable cause of cancer is smoking. Smoking, which is responsible for 90% of lung cancers, is blamed also as a cause in one third of cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, liver, colon, kidney, urinary tract, prostate and female tract. Children who are passively exposed to smoking, as result of their parents\u2019 smoking habit, are also at risk.<\/p>\n Alcohol<\/b><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span>It is certain that the cancer risk increases in alcoholics. Head-neck, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, stomach, liver and pancreas cancers increase in parallel with alcohol consumption. Laryngeal cancer rate in both alcohol and cigarette consumers is 100 times higher than the normal non-drinking, non-smoking population.<\/p>\n Stress<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n It is believed that stress causes cancer. In fact, stress increases consumption of alcohol, cigarettes and food in many people. It may be possible to avoid stress to a certain extent by adopting a healthy lifestyle<\/span>. Keeping strong family and friend relationships and support is also one way <\/span>to deal with stress.<\/span><\/p>\n Inactivity and Obesity <\/b><\/p>\n It has been shown in statistical studies in the USA that exercise prevents colon cancer. The exercise involved here is not a heavy exercise but exercises such as brisk walking, gymnastics, swimming or climbing stairs. It should be done 2-3 times a week for at least 20 minutes and should be continued as a lifestyle.<\/p>\n Carcinogenic Additives<\/b><\/p>\n Research on the carcinogenic effects of additives is ongoing and some additives have been proven to have carcinogenic effects. Avoiding additives as much as possible and consuming natural foods is highly recommended. It is also recommended to read packaging carefully before purchasing any food item for a healthy lifestyle.<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Childhood Cancers” tab_id=”Childhood Cancers”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n Cancer in children is 100 times less common than in adults. In other words, only 2-4% of all cancers are diagnosed in children. 120 out of 1 million children a year develop cancer.\u00a0 <\/span>Childhood cancers most frequently occur in the first 5 years and 10-15 years of age.<\/p>\n Distribution of Childhood Cancers<\/b><\/p>\n Leukemia 30%<\/p>\n Lymphoma 20%<\/p>\n Central Nervous System Neoplasms 10-15%<\/p>\n Neuroblastoma 7-8%<\/p>\n Wilms’ Tumor 6-7%<\/p>\n Rhabdomyosarcoma 5-6%<\/p>\n Bone Tumors 4-5%<\/p>\n Germ Cell Tumors 3-4%<\/p>\n Retinoblastoma 2-3%<\/p>\n Liver Neoplasms 1%<\/p>\n Leukemia constitutes 30% percent of childhood cancers in Turkey and all around the world. Among the remaining 70%, lymph node cancers (Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) rank second in our country. They are followed by respectively nervous system tumors, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, and soft tissue sarcomas (rhabdomyosarcoma). Bone, skin, eyes, and liver tumors are rarer in children.<\/p>\n Recovery Rates<\/b><\/p>\n One of the characteristics of childhood cancers is that they proliferate and grow very rapidly. In a few weeks, they grow and become apparent. As they grow rapidly, they are also sensitive to drug therapy (chemotherapy) and radiation therapy (radiotherapy). Therefore, two-thirds of childhood cancers are completely cured. In childhood cancers, surgery, radiotherapy, and drug treatments are usually used in combination. Usually, when 2-3 years have passed after the end of treatment without ant tumor recurrence, we consume that the patient has completely recovered.<\/p>\n While in 1960, 5% of childhood leukemia could be cured, today 75-80% of childhood leukemia can be treated successfully. Hodgkin’s disease, which is a malignant disease of the lymph nodes, is 90% and non-Hodgkin lymphoma disease is 75% cured. Bone tumors osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma can be cured by 60% if diagnosed early, and Wilms tumor of the kidney is cured\u00a0 by 90%.<\/p>\n Recovery Rates for Childhood Cancers<\/b><\/p>\n ALL (*) 80-90% (standard risk)<\/p>\n 70-80% (moderate risk)<\/p>\n 40-50% (high risk)<\/p>\n AML (**) 60-70% (APML>95%)<\/p>\n Hodgkin 90%<\/p>\n Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 80%<\/p>\n Retinoblastoma 90%<\/p>\n Neuroblastoma 50%<\/p>\n Wilms tumor 90%<\/p>\n Osteosarcoma 70%<\/p>\n Rhabdomyosarcoma 70%<\/p>\n Ewing Sarcoma 65%<\/p>\n Medulloblastoma 70-80%<\/p>\n (*) Acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) are treated with chemotherapy. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is applied to 10%.<\/p>\n (**) 50% of acute myeloblastic leukemias are treated with chemotherapy, the other 50% are treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in addition to chemotherapy. APML acute promyelocytic leukemia.<\/p>\n Causes and Prevention\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n It is known that structural and environmental factors play a role in childhood cancers as well as in adult cancers. Familial predisposition, congenital diseases, congenital anomalies, gene disorders, immune system disorders are the main structural causes.\u00a0 <\/span>Environmental reasons include; physical (radiation), chemical (medicine, industrial agricultural products), viruses, and nutrition. Since consanguineous marriages are an important factor in childhood cancers, one of the main ways of protection is to prevent consanguineous marriages.<\/p>\n In terms of cancer and many other diseases, the necessary precaution for the child is to have a strong immune system beginning from birth and all childhood vaccinations should not be neglected.<\/p>\n Early Diagnosis<\/b><\/p>\n Early diagnosis is very significant in children, as in adults.<\/p>\n Treatment<\/b><\/p>\n Surgery<\/b><\/p>\n Surgical methods in childhood cancers are usually used for removing the tumor if the tumor is confined to the organ where it originated. However, if the tumor is too large to be removed or if it has spread to ot<\/span>her tissues (metastasis), then a tru-cut biopsy of the tumor is performed, and the tumor and\/or metastases are tried to be destroyed by chemotherapy first. After the tumor shrinks and metastases disappear, the tumor residue is surgically removed.<\/span><\/p>\n Chemotherapy<\/b><\/p>\n Chemotherapy is executed by giving chemotherapy drugs by mouth orby injection through vessels at regular\u00a0 intervals. Sometimes drugs can also be administered into the spinal cord or into the cerebrospinal fluid; this is called Intrathecal Therapy.<\/span><\/p>\n Duration of chemotherapy varies according to the treatment schedules applied. In periods ranging from 2-3 days to 7-8 days, there is combined use of drugs in blocks. The duration of chemotherapy usually ranges from 6 months to 2 years.<\/span><\/p>\n Drugs used in chemotherapy have some side effects, but these effects are temporary and can be successfully prevented with so<\/span>me medications. During chemotherapy, the child becomes quite slug<\/span>gish,\u00a0 nausea, vomiting, bone pain may be observed. The most obvious external side effect of chemotherapy is hair loss. Children should be informed that their hair will begin to grow as soon as their treatment is finished.<\/span><\/p>\n Hygiene becomes very important during this period because the risk of infection increases as an effect of chemotherapy. Therefore, usually<\/span> it is useful for school-age children to stay away from school for a while. B<\/span>ut if chemotherapy is a mild treatment that does not drop\u00a0 the child’s blood cell levels and immunity\u00a0 too much, there is no harm for him or\u00a0 her to go to school.<\/span><\/p>\n Radiotherapy<\/b><\/p>\n Radiotherapy is a form of treatment applied in the form of direct radiation to the area where the tumor is located. Radiotherapy is used as little as possible in children, it is not the first choice of treatment, except for compulsory cases, because it may lead to developmental disorders especially in growing bodies. If the school hours are adjusted, there is no harm in the child going to school during the radiotherapy period.<\/p>\n Follow-Up After Treatment<\/b><\/p>\n Generally, 2-3 years after stopping treatment there is\u00a0 a risky period for recurrence in the majority of tumors.To detect a recurrence early can increase the chances of success in the treatment. During this period, it is necessary to visit the doctor at monthly or 2-3 months intervals and to repeat blood and imaging tests.<\/p>\n In addition, after the risk of recurrence has passed, follow up may be required to follow up the late effects of treatment like thyroid gland insufficiency, short stature, menstrual irregularities, heart muscle, kidneys and hearing problems, or psychological disorders that can occur.<\/p>\n Environmental Factors<\/b><\/p>\n The negative effects of environmental conditions on human health are a known fact. Improving environmental factors is directly related to a healthier life for both today’s children and future adults. The primary solution is to raise the awareness of individuals about the importance of the environment. It must be the goal of our society for a better future.<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [vc_row bg_type=”color” padding_top_multiplier=”” padding_bottom_multiplier=”” equal_column_height=”middle-content” bg_color=”#7ec3bb”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:left|color:%23ffffff” use_theme_fonts=”yes”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row heading_color=”primary-1″ bg_type=”color” padding_top_multiplier=”3x” padding_bottom_multiplier=”3x” bg_color=”#f8f8fb”][vc_column][vc_tta_accordion c_icon=”triangle” active_section=”0″ heading_tag=”h4″ heading=”h5″][vc_tta_section title=”What is cancer? What are the causes and symptoms of cancer?” tab_id=”What is cancer? What are the causes and symptoms of cancer?”][vc_column_text] Cancer is a malignant disease that causes an improvised cell proliferation in the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kacuv.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kacuv.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kacuv.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kacuv.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kacuv.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/kacuv.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2400,"href":"https:\/\/kacuv.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19\/revisions\/2400"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kacuv.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
\n
\n